Aetiology -
• Unknown in most cases
• Genetic - up to 40% of cases.
Karyotypic abnormalities -commonest
being 45X and 47XXY followed by mosaiciams and structural abnormalities
of sex chromosomes
• More common in families with fragile X syndrome
• Auto-immune disorder in some cases and associated with increased risk
of other auto-immune diseases such as thyroid disease and pernicious
anaemia
• Infections - mumps
• Irradiation / chemotherapy
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