Occupation
- A specific enquiry about occupation should be made to people who are concerned about their fertility and appropriate advice should be offered.
- Men should be informed that there is an association between elevated scrotal temperature and reduced semen quality, but that it is uncertain whether wearing loose-fitting underwear improves fertility
- Heat exposure (increased scrotal temperature): Abnormal sperm parameters
- X-ray exposure (radiotherapists): Azoospermia and reduced sperm count which may be reversible
- Exposure to vibration (engine drivers): Oligozospermia and asthenozospermia
- Chemicals
- Dibromochloropropane (pesticide – agriculture workers): Oligozospermia, azoospermia which are generally reversible; reduced fertilisation rates
- Ethylene dibromide (pesticide): Abnormal sperm parameters
- Lead, Cadmiun, Manganese (metal workers, smelters, battery factory workers): reduced fertility
- Acetone, Carbon disulphide, Glycol ethers (Chemists, lab workers, painters): Abnormal sperm parameters, reduced fecundability, oligozoospermia
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