1. Pre-eclampsia
2. Smoking
3. Previous h/o abruption
one previous abruption - 4-5 %
two previous abruptions - 20-25 %
4. Polyhydramnios
5. Multiple pregnancy
6. Advanced maternal age
7. Multiparity
8. Low BMI
9. Pregnancy following assisted reproduction techniques
10.IUGR (possibly due to chronic processes associated with vascular dysfunction)
11. Intrauterine infection
12. PROM
13. Abdominal trauma
14.h/o first trimester bleeding
15. Cocaine use
16. Non-vertex presentations
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